History of Indonesia

Engkau nanti akan melihat matahari terbit, jadilah manusia yang berarti, manusia yang manfaat, manusia yang pantas untuk menyambut terbitnya matahari.

Yang pantas menyambut terbitnya matahari itu hanya manusia-manusia abdi Tuhan, manusia-manusia yang manfaat.

Ibu menghendaki aku menjadi manusia yang pantas menyambut terbitnya matahari, oleh karena aku dikatakan oleh Ibu adalah anak fajar.

Tuhan memberi otak kepada manusia, memberi pikiran kepada manusia. Tuhan memberi juga rasa kepada manusia. Tuhan memberi kenang-kenangan kepada manusia. Hanya manusia yang otaknya cerdas, rasa hatinya baik, kenang-kenangannya tinggi, bisa menjadi manusia yang manfaat

Sukarno, born Kusno Sosrodihardjo (6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was the first President of Indonesia. He helped the country win its independence from the Netherlands and was President from 1945 to 1967, presiding with mixed success over the country's turbulent transition to independence. Sukarno was forced out of power by one of his generals, Suharto, who formally became President in March 1967.

The spelling "Sukarno" is frequently used in English as it is based on the newer official spelling in Indonesia since 1947 but the older spelling Soekarno is still frequently used, mainly because he signed his name in the old spelling. Official Indonesian presidential decrees from the period 1947-1968, however, printed his name using the 1947 spelling. The Soekarno-Hatta International Airport which serves near Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia for exemple, still uses the older spelling.

Indonesians also remember him as Bung Karno or Pak Karno. Like many Javanese people, he had only one name; in religious contexts, he was occasionally referred to as 'Achmed Sukarno'.

The son of a Javanese primary school teacher, an aristocrat named Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo and his Balinese wife named Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai from Buleleng regency, Sukarno was born as Kusno Sosrodihardjo in Blitar, East Java in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). Following Javanese custom, he was renamed after a childhood illness. He was admitted into a Dutch-run school as a child. When his father sent him to Surabaya in 1916 to attend a secondary school, he met Tjokroaminoto, a future nationalist. In 1921 he began to study at the Technische Hogeschool (Technical Institute) in Bandung. He studied civil engineering and focused on architecture.

Atypically, even among the colony's small educated elite, Sukarno was fluent in several languages. In addition to the Javanese language of his childhood, he was a master of Sundanese, Balinese and of Indonesian, and especially strong in Dutch. He was also quite comfortable in German, English, French, Arabic, and Japanese, all of which were taught at his HBS. He was helped by his photographic memory and precocious mind. Sukarno once remarked that when he was studying in Surabaya, he often sat behind the screen in movie theaters reading the Dutch subtitles in reverse because the front seats were only for elite Dutch people.

In his studies, Sukarno was "intensely modern," both in architecture and in politics. Sukarno interpreted these ideas in his dress, in his urban planning for the capital (eventually Jakarta), and in his socialist politics, though he did not extend his taste for modern art to pop music; he had Koes Plus imprisoned for their allegedly decadent lyrics despite his reputation for womanising. For Sukarno, modernity was blind to race, neat and Western in style, and anti-imperialist.

Sukarno married Siti Utari circa 1920, and divorced her to marry Inggit Garnasih, who he divorced circa 1931 to marry Fatmawati. Without divorcing, Sukarno also married Hartini, and circa 1959 Dewi Sukarno. Other wives included Oetari, Kartini Manoppo, Ratna Sari, Haryati, Yurike Sanger, and Heldy Djafar.

Megawati Sukarnoputri, who served as the fifth president of Indonesia, is his daughter by his wife Fatmawati. Her younger brother Guruh Sukarnoputra (born 1953) has inherited Sukarno's artistic bent and is a choreographer and songwriter, who made a movie Untukmu, Indonesiaku (For You, My Indonesia) about Indonesian culture. He is also a member of the Indonesian People's Representative Council for Megawati's Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle. His siblings Guntur Sukarnoputra, Rachmawati Sukarnoputri and Sukmawati Sukarnoputri have all been active in politics. Sukarno had a daughter named Kartika by Dewi Sukarno. In 2006 Kartika Sukarno married Frits Seegers, the Netherlands-born chief executive officer of the Barclays Global Retail and Commercial Bank. Other offspring include Taufan and Bayu by his wife Hartini, and a son named Toto Suryawan Soekarnoputra (born 1967, in Germany), by his wife Kartini Manoppo. Popular ladies' magazines such as Femina and Kartini regularly run features about newly discovered lookalike sons and daughters throughout the archipelago, who often disappear when pressed to take a DNA test by the official Sukarno children.

Download Soekarno's File, in here

Kesulitan-kesulitan kita tidak akan lenyap dalam tempo satu malam. Kesulitan-kesulitan kita hanya akan dapat kita atasi dengan keuletan seperti keuletannya orang yang mendaki gunung. Tetapi : Berbahagialah sesuatu bangsa yang berani menghadapi kenyataan demikian itu! Berani menerima bahwa kesulitan-kesulitannya tidak akan lenyap dalam tempo satu malam, dan berani pula menyingsingkan lengan bajunya untuk memecahkan kesulitan-kesulitan itu dengan segenap tenaganya sendiri dan segenap kecerdasannya sendiri. Sebab bangsa yang demikian itu, - bangsa yang berani menghadapi kesulitan-kesulitan dan mampu memecahkan kesulitan-kesulitan, - bangsa yang demikian itu akan menjadi bangsa yang gemblengan. Bangsa yang Besar, bangsa yang Hanjakrawarti-hambaudenda. Bangsa yang demikian itulah hendaknya Bangsa Indonesia!

Soekarno, Manipol, 1959

ini hanya Tuhan yang mengetahui, dan tidak bisa dielakkan semua orang

Wadah yang bernama negara, negara yang bernama Republik Indonesia itu adalah wadah untuk masyarakat Indonesia yang berpenduduk 80 juta, dari Sabang sampai ke Merauke.

Dan masyarakat Indonesia ini beraneka agama, beraneka adat-istiadat, beraneka suku.

negara ini supaya selamat, agar bisa menjadi wadah bagi segenap rakyat Indonesia yang 80 juta, negara ini harus didasarkan apa?

Apa sebab? Barangkali lebih dari siapa pun di Indonesia ini,

Sejarah Indonesia meliputi suatu rentang waktu yang sangat panjang yang dimulai sejak zaman prasejarah oleh "Manusia Jawa" pada masa sekitar 500.000 tahun yang lalu. Periode dalam sejarah Indonesia dapat dibagi menjadi lima era: era pra kolonial, munculnya kerajaan-kerajaan Hindu-Buddha serta Islam di Jawa dan Sumatera yang terutama mengandalkan perdagangan; era kolonial, masuknya orang-orang Eropa (terutama Belanda) yang menginginkan rempah-rempah mengakibatkan penjajahan oleh Belanda selama sekitar 3,5 abad antara awal abad ke-17 hingga pertengahan abad ke-20; era kemerdekaan, pasca Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia (1945) sampai jatuhnya Soekarno (1966); era Orde Baru, 32 tahun masa pemerintahan Soeharto (1966–1998); serta era reformasi yang berlangsung sampai sekarang.

Abraham Lincoln, berkata: "one cannot escape history, orang tak dapat meninggalkan sejarah",

tetapi saya tambah : "Never leave history". inilah sejarah perjuangan, inilah sejarah historymu.

Djikalau engkau meninggalkan sejarah, engkau akan berdiri diatas vacuum,